- Council
- --person chosen by the king to advise and assist in the governing the colony.
- Preacher
- --person responsible for the spiritual health of the colony. He
conducted services and performed religious rites for settlers.
- Gentleman
- --a man of the upper-middle class (below the royal family, titled and lesser nobility) who was entitled to display arms (that is, had been granted a heraldic shield by the College of Heralds). The gentlemen settlers were all men who could afford and bought shares in the Virginia Company while still in London. A gentleman might hire laborers to work for him or pay the passage of others in hopes of building an estate in the New World.
- Carpenter
- --craftsman who built furniture, tools, farm implements, wagons,
and houses. The carpenter also took care of the wooden hull of a ship
and repaired damage. The carpenter's skills were crucial because the
primary route for transportation in the colony was by water.
- Blacksmith
- --fashioned iron tools for farming and building in a hot forge.
- Sailor (Sailer)
- --knew workings of ship and had navigational skills. Sailors were
important to the Jamestown settlement even after they arrived because
the major form of transportation was still by water up and down the
James river.
- Barber
- --not only trimmed beards and hair but performed or assisted surgeries
and dental operations.
- Bricklayer
- --craftsman who made and arranged bricks for buildings.
- Mason
- --a builder and worker in stone; cut stone to fit buildings.
- Tailor (Taylor/Tailers)
- --made clothes from cloth material and leather for gentlemen of
fashion.
- Laborer (Labourers)
- --worked to grow whatever their gentleman masters wanted, generally
corn or tobacco; worked building houses and other essential tasks.
- Fueller
- --person who supplied wood for fires. Wood was the major fuel source
in the colony and was burned for heat, light, cooking, forging, and
probably defense.
- Refiner
- --(probably) person who refined gold. The refiner would take gold
in its rough natural state, remove any rocks or other debris, and
mold it into a pure form. The Virginia Company thought they would
find gold in the New World because the Spaniards had found it there.
But there was no gold to be found in Virginia, so the Jamestown refiner
would not have been very busy!
- Gunner
- --an officer under the Crown, responsible for artillery and ammunition.
- Apothecary
- --person who kept a store or shop of non-perishable items like spices,
drugs, preserved fruits and vegetables. Apothecaries were like pharmacists
because they make powders, syrups, tinctures, and pills to medicate
illness or prevent it.
- Surgeon
- --medical man, often on a ship, who practiced healing by manual
operation. Surgeons treated wounds, fractures, deformities, disorders
through surgery.
- Cooper (Couper)
- --craftsman who made and repaired wooden vessels of storage such
as casks, buckets, tubs, and barrels. Coopers made barrels to store
a variety of foodstuffs, water, wine, and other goods as well. The
cooper's task was a difficult art which is passed down from master
to apprentice.
- Tobacco-Pipe-maker
- --artisan who made pipes for the smoking of tobacco.
- Tradesman
- --person who went into the interior of the colony to trade British
items for Indian furs and goods, often food. For many years, Jamestown
survived solely on the food Indians gave or traded with them.
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